Gyeongbokgung Palace
“The Joseon Dynasty’s Magnificent Dream Unfolding in the Heart of Seoul”
Gyeongbokgung Palace stands as the principal royal palace of the Joseon Dynasty, maintaining its grandeur even amidst the modern city’s gleaming skyscrapers. Since its establishment in 1395 by King Taejo Yi Seong-gye, it has served as the heart of the Joseon Dynasty for over 600 years.
True to its name, which means “to receive great blessings,” the palace complex tells the magnificent story of the dynasty through every corner, from the majestic Geunjeongjeon Hall to the moonlit Gyeonghoeru Pavilion. The Geunjeongjeon area, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2023, serves as a portal to the Joseon era in the center of modern Seoul.
Experience the beauty of Korea as it breathes with the changing seasons within these palace walls.
1. Overview
Introduction to
Gyeongbokgung Palace
- What Itโs Like
- At a Glance
What is Gyeongbokgung Like?
Embark on a journey through time in the heart of modern Seoul’s skyline. Built in 1395 by King Taejo, Gyeongbokgung served as the primary royal palace of the Joseon Dynasty. The name “Gyeongbok” carries the hopeful meaning of “to receive great blessings for the new dynasty.” The palace layout, facing south, follows the traditional “court in front, residence in back” design, with government offices in the front and the private royal quarters in the rear, exemplifying the essence of traditional palace architecture.
The palace presents different charms with each season – cherry blossoms in full bloom during spring and elegant lotus flowers in summer. Although it lay in ruins for 270 years after being burned during the Japanese invasion, the palace was magnificently rebuilt in 1867 under the leadership of Heungseon Daewongun, with skilled craftsmen from across the country creating an impressive complex of 7,700 rooms. The central area, centered around Geunjeongjeon Hall, is considered a masterpiece of Joseon palace architecture.
Today, Gyeongbokgung houses numerous national treasures and cultural properties. From Geunjeongjeon Hall, which still emanates royal authority, to the elegant Gyeonghoeru Pavilion floating above its pond, to the hexagonal Hyangwonjeong Pavilion in the tranquil garden, each step reveals scenery reminiscent of traditional ink paintings.
Most notably, in July 2023, the Geunjeongjeon area was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, gaining worldwide recognition for its value. As Seoul’s premier tourist destination, welcoming tens of thousands of visitors daily, it serves as a living museum where you can experience Korean traditional culture and history at its most authentic. Why not take a journey back to the Joseon era in the heart of Seoul?
Gyeongbokgung at a Glance
Standing at the palace entrance, Gwanghwamun embodies royal virtue in its name meaning “virtuous influence by the King.” This distinctive gate features a double-layered roof atop a high stone foundation, resembling fortress architecture.
Its three arched passageways served distinct purposes: the central path reserved for the king, while accompanying routes accommodated the crown prince and officials. A bell in the gate tower marked the passing hours.
The structure’s journey includes displacement to Geonchunmun’s north during the colonial period, destruction from Korean War bombing, reconstruction in concrete at its original site in 1968, and restoration to traditional wooden architecture in 2010.
As the inner gate of Gyeongbokgung, Heungnyemun derives its name from the phrase “promoting proprieties.” Previously called Hongnyemun, the gate received its current name during the palace reconstruction in 1867. The Geumcheon Stream from Baegaksan Mountain flows through its center, crossed by Yeongjegyo Bridge, named in King Sejong’s era.
Though the bridge withstood the 16th century Japanese invasions, both structures fell during the colonial period. Following the 1996 removal of the Japanese Government-General building, the gate and bridge were restored in 2001.
Geunjeongjeon, meaning “diligent and wise ruling,” serves as the palace’s principal throne hall. This two-story structure rises from a double-tiered stone platform, featuring an open interior design. The royal courtyard displays three ceremonial paths and ranked stone markers for official positions. Intricate sculptures adorn the building’s foundation and stairs, depicting zodiac signs, constellations, and directional guardians.
The throne chamber houses the royal seat before a symbolic screen showing the sun, moon, and five peaks, while dragon carvings grace the ceiling. Multiple coronations took place here, including those of Kings Jeongjong, Sejong, and Sejo, while its southern gate, Geunjeongmun, witnessed the coronations of Kings Danjong, Seongjong, and Myeongjong.
Sajeongjeon, meaning “contemplation of good governance,” functioned as the primary council chamber for daily state affairs. This royal meeting space hosted morning briefings and official gatherings, featuring a throne arrangement similar to Geunjeongjeon, complete with the symbolic sun-moon-mountain screen.
Flanking the main hall, Manchunjeon and Cheonchujeon halls incorporated underfloor heating systems for year-round use. Originally connected by corridors, these three structures were later separated under King Gojong’s rule.
Sujeongjeon, signifying “execution of good governance,” served as King Gojong’s council hall after the palace reconstruction. During the 1894 Gabo Reform, it housed the Deliberative Council before becoming the cabinet meeting venue.
The site holds historical significance as the former location of Jiphyeonjeon, where King Sejong created Hunminjeongeum, the Korean writing system.
Gyeonghoeru, meaning “joyous banquet,” stands in a western pond of the palace grounds. This royal banquet venue hosted grand celebrations and diplomatic events, offering views of Inwangsan Mountain.
Originally a modest structure, it was expanded in 1412 under King Taejong, underwent repairs during the reigns of Seongjong and Yeonsangun, and was reconstructed in 1867 following destruction in the Japanese invasions. The pavilion features 48 stone pillars supporting its first floor, with 24 round and 24 square columns.
Its hip rafters display 11 zodiac-themed decorative tiles, the most extensive collection among Korean historic buildings.
Gangnyeongjeon, meaning “well-being and health,” served as the king’s private residence alongside Gyotaejeon. This nine-room complex featured a hash-shaped layout with the king’s chamber at its center, surrounded by quarters for court ladies.
Here, the king conducted personal affairs and held confidential meetings with officials. The structure, distinguished by its wide stone platform and ridge-less roof, was dismantled in 1917 to provide materials for Changdeokgung Palace’s reconstruction, before being restored in 1995. Several auxiliary buildings encircle the hall, including Gyeongsungjeon, Yeonsaengjeon, Uengjidang, and Yeongildang.
Gyotaejeon, symbolizing harmony between earth and sky, served as the queen’s residence alongside Gangnyeongjeon. Also known as Junggungjeon for its central palace location, the structure dates to 1440 during Sejong’s reign. Like Gangnyeongjeon, it features a ridge-less roof but lacks a front platform.
Demolished in 1917 for Changdeokgung’s reconstruction, it was restored in 1995. The complex includes Heumgyeonggak observatory and Hamwonjeon for Buddhist rituals. Behind lies Amisan garden, featuring terraced flowerbeds and distinctive hexagonal chimneys adorned with longevity symbols and connected to underground heating systems.
Jagyeongjeon, meaning “blessed by mother’s fortune,” was built in 1867 for Queen Sinjeong, King Gojong’s stepmother. After fire damage, it was reconstructed in 1888. The complex includes connected structures: Bokandang, Cheongyeonru, and Hyeopgyeongdang.
Notable for its extensive ondol system, the building features a distinctive northern chimney combining eight flues. This chimney showcases intricate carvings of longevity symbols including celestial, natural, and mythical elements, making it a remarkable example of both functional and decorative Joseon architecture.
Heungbokjeon, meaning “creation of good fortune,” was constructed during Gojong’s reconstruction of Gyeongbokgung. The hall served as a diplomatic venue for receiving foreign envoys and gained historical significance as the place where Honorary Empress Sinjeong passed away. Destroyed during colonial rule, it was restored to its original form in 2020.
Built in 1890, Hamhwadang (“harmony”) and Jipgyeongdang (“endless respect”) form a connected complex through a shared corridor. Hamhwadang served as King Gojong’s private quarters, while Jipgyeongdang hosted royal Confucian studies with court officials. These structures notably survived the colonial period, maintaining their original form with minor repairs.
Hyangwonjeong (“far-reaching fragrance”) replaced the original Chuirojeong from Sejo’s era. In 1873, Gojong created an artificial pond with a central island, crowned by a two-tiered hexagonal pavilion. The white arched Chwihyanggyo Bridge (“scent-intoxicating bridge”) connected it to shore.
War damage led to the bridge’s 1953 reconstruction south of the pavilion, before its 2017-2020 restoration to its original position. The pond, fed by northwestern mountain springs, connects to Gyeonghoeru’s waters.
Built in 1873, Geoncheonggung (“clear sky palace”) served as the royal residence in Gyeongbokgung’s northern section. Designed like a scholar’s home with modest ornamental elements, it comprised Jangandang for the king and Gonnyeonghap for the queen, connected by corridors.
King Gojong and Queen Myeongseong resided here until her 1895 assassination at Okhoru. After Gojong’s 1896 departure for the Russian Legation, the palace was demolished in 1909, replaced by a colonial-era museum, and finally restored in 2007.
Jibokjae (“collecting jade treasures”) forms a complex with Parujeong and Hyeopgildang halls flanking its sides. Originally part of Changdeokgung’s Hamnyeongjeon, these structures were relocated in 1891 when Gojong moved west of Geoncheonggung.
Used as a royal library and diplomatic venue, Jibokjae features distinct Chinese architectural influences, including a deceptive exterior that masks its two-story interior. Parujeong showcases octagonal design with ornate carvings and glass windows, while Hyeopgildang maintains traditional Korean style with ondol heating. Connected by corridors, Jibokjae uniquely features vertical board construction.
Built in 1868, Taewonjeon (“sky hall”) originally housed King Taejo’s portrait and later served as a shrine for Queen Sinjeong’s and Queen Myeongseong’s mortuary tablets. The complex included Mungyeongjeon and Gongmukjae buildings, plus Yeongsajae for ceremonial processions.
Mungyeongjeon temporarily stored royal mortuary tablets before their transfer to Jongmyo Shrine. Dismantled during colonial rule, the site near Cheongwadae housed military facilities until 1993, before being restored to its original form in 2006.
Standing at the palace entrance, Gwanghwamun embodies royal virtue in its name meaning “virtuous influence by the King.” This distinctive gate features a double-layered roof atop a high stone foundation, resembling fortress architecture.
Its three arched passageways served distinct purposes: the central path reserved for the king, while accompanying routes accommodated the crown prince and officials. A bell in the gate tower marked the passing hours.
The structure’s journey includes displacement to Geonchunmun’s north during the colonial period, destruction from Korean War bombing, reconstruction in concrete at its original site in 1968, and restoration to traditional wooden architecture in 2010.
As the inner gate of Gyeongbokgung, Heungnyemun derives its name from the phrase “promoting proprieties.” Previously called Hongnyemun, the gate received its current name during the palace reconstruction in 1867. The Geumcheon Stream from Baegaksan Mountain flows through its center, crossed by Yeongjegyo Bridge, named in King Sejong’s era.
Though the bridge withstood the 16th century Japanese invasions, both structures fell during the colonial period. Following the 1996 removal of the Japanese Government-General building, the gate and bridge were restored in 2001.
Geunjeongjeon, meaning “diligent and wise ruling,” serves as the palace’s principal throne hall. This two-story structure rises from a double-tiered stone platform, featuring an open interior design. The royal courtyard displays three ceremonial paths and ranked stone markers for official positions. Intricate sculptures adorn the building’s foundation and stairs, depicting zodiac signs, constellations, and directional guardians.
The throne chamber houses the royal seat before a symbolic screen showing the sun, moon, and five peaks, while dragon carvings grace the ceiling. Multiple coronations took place here, including those of Kings Jeongjong, Sejong, and Sejo, while its southern gate, Geunjeongmun, witnessed the coronations of Kings Danjong, Seongjong, and Myeongjong.
Sajeongjeon, meaning “contemplation of good governance,” functioned as the primary council chamber for daily state affairs. This royal meeting space hosted morning briefings and official gatherings, featuring a throne arrangement similar to Geunjeongjeon, complete with the symbolic sun-moon-mountain screen.
Flanking the main hall, Manchunjeon and Cheonchujeon halls incorporated underfloor heating systems for year-round use. Originally connected by corridors, these three structures were later separated under King Gojong’s rule.
Sujeongjeon, signifying “execution of good governance,” served as King Gojong’s council hall after the palace reconstruction. During the 1894 Gabo Reform, it housed the Deliberative Council before becoming the cabinet meeting venue.
The site holds historical significance as the former location of Jiphyeonjeon, where King Sejong created Hunminjeongeum, the Korean writing system.
Gyeonghoeru, meaning “joyous banquet,” stands in a western pond of the palace grounds. This royal banquet venue hosted grand celebrations and diplomatic events, offering views of Inwangsan Mountain.
Originally a modest structure, it was expanded in 1412 under King Taejong, underwent repairs during the reigns of Seongjong and Yeonsangun, and was reconstructed in 1867 following destruction in the Japanese invasions. The pavilion features 48 stone pillars supporting its first floor, with 24 round and 24 square columns.
Its hip rafters display 11 zodiac-themed decorative tiles, the most extensive collection among Korean historic buildings.
Gangnyeongjeon, meaning “well-being and health,” served as the king’s private residence alongside Gyotaejeon. This nine-room complex featured a hash-shaped layout with the king’s chamber at its center, surrounded by quarters for court ladies.
Here, the king conducted personal affairs and held confidential meetings with officials. The structure, distinguished by its wide stone platform and ridge-less roof, was dismantled in 1917 to provide materials for Changdeokgung Palace’s reconstruction, before being restored in 1995. Several auxiliary buildings encircle the hall, including Gyeongsungjeon, Yeonsaengjeon, Uengjidang, and Yeongildang.
Gyotaejeon, symbolizing harmony between earth and sky, served as the queen’s residence alongside Gangnyeongjeon. Also known as Junggungjeon for its central palace location, the structure dates to 1440 during Sejong’s reign. Like Gangnyeongjeon, it features a ridge-less roof but lacks a front platform.
Demolished in 1917 for Changdeokgung’s reconstruction, it was restored in 1995. The complex includes Heumgyeonggak observatory and Hamwonjeon for Buddhist rituals. Behind lies Amisan garden, featuring terraced flowerbeds and distinctive hexagonal chimneys adorned with longevity symbols and connected to underground heating systems.
Jagyeongjeon, meaning “blessed by mother’s fortune,” was built in 1867 for Queen Sinjeong, King Gojong’s stepmother. After fire damage, it was reconstructed in 1888. The complex includes connected structures: Bokandang, Cheongyeonru, and Hyeopgyeongdang.
Notable for its extensive ondol system, the building features a distinctive northern chimney combining eight flues. This chimney showcases intricate carvings of longevity symbols including celestial, natural, and mythical elements, making it a remarkable example of both functional and decorative Joseon architecture.
Heungbokjeon, meaning “creation of good fortune,” was constructed during Gojong’s reconstruction of Gyeongbokgung. The hall served as a diplomatic venue for receiving foreign envoys and gained historical significance as the place where Honorary Empress Sinjeong passed away. Destroyed during colonial rule, it was restored to its original form in 2020.
Built in 1890, Hamhwadang (“harmony”) and Jipgyeongdang (“endless respect”) form a connected complex through a shared corridor. Hamhwadang served as King Gojong’s private quarters, while Jipgyeongdang hosted royal Confucian studies with court officials. These structures notably survived the colonial period, maintaining their original form with minor repairs.
Hyangwonjeong (“far-reaching fragrance”) replaced the original Chuirojeong from Sejo’s era. In 1873, Gojong created an artificial pond with a central island, crowned by a two-tiered hexagonal pavilion. The white arched Chwihyanggyo Bridge (“scent-intoxicating bridge”) connected it to shore.
War damage led to the bridge’s 1953 reconstruction south of the pavilion, before its 2017-2020 restoration to its original position. The pond, fed by northwestern mountain springs, connects to Gyeonghoeru’s waters.
Built in 1873, Geoncheonggung (“clear sky palace”) served as the royal residence in Gyeongbokgung’s northern section. Designed like a scholar’s home with modest ornamental elements, it comprised Jangandang for the king and Gonnyeonghap for the queen, connected by corridors.
King Gojong and Queen Myeongseong resided here until her 1895 assassination at Okhoru. After Gojong’s 1896 departure for the Russian Legation, the palace was demolished in 1909, replaced by a colonial-era museum, and finally restored in 2007.
Jibokjae (“collecting jade treasures”) forms a complex with Parujeong and Hyeopgildang halls flanking its sides. Originally part of Changdeokgung’s Hamnyeongjeon, these structures were relocated in 1891 when Gojong moved west of Geoncheonggung.
Used as a royal library and diplomatic venue, Jibokjae features distinct Chinese architectural influences, including a deceptive exterior that masks its two-story interior. Parujeong showcases octagonal design with ornate carvings and glass windows, while Hyeopgildang maintains traditional Korean style with ondol heating. Connected by corridors, Jibokjae uniquely features vertical board construction.
Built in 1868, Taewonjeon (“sky hall”) originally housed King Taejo’s portrait and later served as a shrine for Queen Sinjeong’s and Queen Myeongseong’s mortuary tablets. The complex included Mungyeongjeon and Gongmukjae buildings, plus Yeongsajae for ceremonial processions.
Mungyeongjeon temporarily stored royal mortuary tablets before their transfer to Jongmyo Shrine. Dismantled during colonial rule, the site near Cheongwadae housed military facilities until 1993, before being restored to its original form in 2006.
Must see restored palace complex The Gyeongbokgung Palace complex is huge, with 14 numbered buildings or groups of buildings shown on the free plan. It was established in 1395 as the main palace of the Joseon Dynasty, but as destroyed by fire in 1592 (by the Japanese invaders) and lay in ruins until 1867-1887, when it was restored. However that iteration did not last long, as much of it was again destroyed by the Japanese in 1915. The most recent restoration only started in earnest in 1990 โ indeed one building had only reopened last year.So to some extent itโs a pastiche โ a late twentieth century ideal of what a palace should look like. Having said that, it is very attractive, and reminded me of the similarly large (and restored) Forbidden City in Beijing.
The initial sequence of courtyards leads to the Geunjeongjeon Hall, an official National Treasure, and one of the few buildings to have survived since 1887. Most of the halls are largely empty โ there are no gilded Buddhas or fanstastical beasts inside.
To the immediate West thereโs the Gyeoinghoeru Pavilion, set in a small lake, and another National Treasure. One of the most attractive parts was the Hyangwonjeon Pavilion โ also set in a small lake. Right at the back of the complex there is the Jibokjae Hall, which functions as a small reference library, and to its East the recently restored Geoncheonggung Palace, which was built by the King to serve as his private residence in 1873.
Try and get there for one of the Changing of the Guard cermonies - the 1000am is good. But don't bother with a (free) guided tour - better to enjoy it at your own pace.
If you are over 65 you can get in free (ideally show your passport, although my photo driving licence was accepted). You can also get in free if you wear the Hanbok national costume, which can be rented from numerous shops nearby - but even the full rate admission is really inexpensive.
Charismatic kings of the Korean dynasty and their legacy captured in one place! Immersive experience of Korean royalty and tradition. It is a vast palace that shows the rich history of the single-dynasty Korean royalty who ruled for more than 800 years. Those who dress up in traditional attire can enter for free, for the rest a nominal fee is required. The grounds have many sections with different emphasis and will take at least 3 hours to cover- minimally. Within the grounds is also a museum that gives very good information on Korean rule. There are artifacts, anecdotes and even animated clips depicting elements of Korean history. On the grounds there its a cafe that serves some traditional Korean snacks and there is another in the museum as well. Good photo opportunities and Iโm sure it will look especially amazing in autumn! 
Get Lost in the History of Gyeongbokgung Palace The Gyeongbokgung Palace, dating back to the 14th century, is a must-visit for anyone wanting to experience the rich cultural heritage of Korea. I recommend taking a stroll through the grounds to fully appreciate the stunning details of the buildings and their historical significance.One of the highlights of my visit was witnessing the changing of the guard ceremony. Itโs a colorful and fascinating spectacle that takes place at the main gate, complete with traditional music and vibrant costumes. Arriving a bit early to secure a good viewing spot is definitely worth it!
A great historical place We had a great trip in South Korea with a group from my country. It was a wonderful choice this trip. The Gyeongbokung Palace was the first objectif which we visited in Seoul. This great monument iof culture so famous for the entire world it is a unique experience.
You can read a lot about it on the net, but seeing in real that is something very different, real so wonderful. We visited more than 1 hour and we were dressed in their famous costumes. If you want to enjoy such unique place come and visit. Worth it!!!!
2. Information
Visit Information :
Gyeongbokgung Palace
- Operating Hours
- Admission Fee
- How to Get There
Gyeongbokgung Operating Hours
| Period | Opening Hours | Last Admission |
|---|---|---|
| January through February | 09:00 – 17:00 | 16:00 |
| March through May | 09:00 – 18:00 | 17:00 |
| June through August | 09:00 – 18:30 | 17:30 |
| September through October | 09:00 – 18:30 | 17:00 |
| November through December | 09:00 – 17:00 | 16:00 |
โป Closed on Tuesdays
– However, when a public holiday or a substitute holiday falls on the regular closing day, we will be open. Instead, we will be closed the day after the holiday.
Gyeongbokgung Admission Fee
| Type | Individual | Group |
|---|---|---|
| Adults (age 19~64) | 3,000 won | 2,400 won |
โป Free: aged 18 and below, seniors (aged 65 and over), those wearing a Hanbok, Culture Day (the last Wednesday of every month)
โป With the purchase of a Royal Palace Pass, admission for 4 palaces and Jongmyo Shrine is valid within three months.
โป 4 palaces: Gyeongbokgung Palace, Changdeokgung Palace, Changgyeonggung Palace and Deoksugung Palace
How to Get to Gyeongbokgung
Click ‘Here‘ to add it to Google Maps.
Line 3: Exit 5 of Gyeongbokgung Station, 5-minute walk
Line 5: Exit 2 of Gwanghwamun Station, 10-minute walk
Gwanghwamun Bus Stop: Lines 109, 171, 272, 601, 606, etc.
Gyeongbokgung Bus Stop: Lines 1020, 7025, etc.
3. Highlight
Things to Do in
Gyeongbokgung Palace
- Gwanghwamun
- Geunjeongjeon Hall
- Gangnyeongjeon and Gyotaejeon
- Gyeonghoeru Pavilion
- Hyangwonjeong Pavilion
- The Royal Guard Changing Ceremony
- The National Palace Museum
- The National Folk Museum
- Exploring the Palace in Hanbok
- Night Palace Tours
- Seasonal Charms
The Majestic Journey Beginning at Gwanghwamun
Gwanghwamun, standing proudly in the heart of Seoul, serves as the main gate and first entrance symbolizing the dignity of the Joseon Dynasty. Named with the meaning “to spread righteous light far and wide,” Gwanghwamun perfectly embodies the majesty and dignity of a royal palace. This impressive 18.2-meter-high gate consists of three entrances: the central gate reserved for the king, and side gates used by court officials.
A pair of haetae statues stands guard at the entrance – mythical creatures believed to ward off disasters and bring good fortune. Behind them, 12-meter-high stone dragon head ornaments combine the dragon, symbol of royal authority, with the haetae, guardian of the common people, to protect the palace.
On either side of Gwanghwamun stand 6.2-meter-high stone pillars called Hong-yeosoekju, which enhance the palace’s grandeur. These pillars are adorned with cloud and dragon patterns symbolizing royal authority. Visit early in the morning to see the gate bathed in magnificent red sunlight.
The Royal Guard Changing Ceremony takes place daily at 10:00 AM and 2:00 PM in Gwanghwamun Square. This reenactment of the Joseon Dynasty’s guard rotation ceremony features guards in splendid traditional uniforms. On weekends, visitors can take photos with the royal guards – don’t miss this special opportunity.
Geunjeongjeon Hall: Where History Unfolds in the Heart of Joseon
After passing through Gwanghwamun, Heungnyemun, and Geunjeongmun gates, you’ll reach Geunjeongjeon Hall, the center of Gyeongbokgung and symbol of the Joseon Dynasty. This UNESCO World Heritage Site (designated in 2023) served as the main throne hall where the king held court and discussed important state affairs.
The stone steps leading to Geunjeongjeon feature sculptures of the twelve zodiac animals. From the rat to the pig, each animal guards its respective direction. These aren’t mere decorations but symbolic guardians of the palace. Each animal’s expression and posture is intricately carved, making them fascinating to discover.
Standing on the elevated stone platform of Geunjeongjeon, you might feel like a Joseon monarch yourself. Inside, you’ll find elements symbolizing royal authority: elaborate ceiling paintings featuring dragon scales and phoenixes, the royal throne, and the Sun, Moon and Five Peaks painting. The natural pigments used in the ceiling’s dancheong (traditional decorative coloring) have maintained their brilliance for over 600 years.
Geunjeongjeon is the largest structure among Joseon palace buildings, measuring eleven kan (traditional unit) wide and five kan deep. The columns are precisely spaced 3.3 meters apart, creating perfect symmetry. The graceful upward curve of the eaves, particularly at the corners, exemplifies the beauty of Korean architecture.
A Journey Through Royal Daily Life: Gangnyeongjeon and Gyotaejeon
The ‘King’s Path’ leading from Geunjeongjeon to Gangnyeongjeon and Gyotaejeon was the route Joseon kings took each morning for their royal duties. Gangnyeongjeon served as the king’s private quarters, combining both work and rest. Its unique design featured four doors in all directions, allowing for quick escape in emergencies.
Gangnyeongjeon featured ondol floor heating, keeping it warm through winter. The king’s inner chamber faced south for optimal sunlight and ventilation. The ceiling displayed dragon and phoenix motifs expressing royal authority, while dragon-patterned folding screens adorned the center of the room.
Next to Gangnyeongjeon lies ‘Jogyeongdan,’ a private garden where kings enjoyed walks. Legend has it that King Jeongjo personally planted a plum tree here during the late Joseon period. Peculiarly shaped rocks scattered throughout the garden offer glimpses into royal leisure.
Gyotaejeon, the queen’s residence, embodies feminine elegance. Named to mean “beautiful and pure energy,” its architecture is more delicate and graceful than Gangnyeongjeon, reflecting its feminine occupant.
The garden in front of Gyotaejeon, called ‘Huwon,’ was personally tended by the queen. It displayed different flowers each season: plum and apricot blossoms in spring, pomegranate flowers in summer, and chrysanthemums in autumn. A small pond allowed the queen to enjoy moonlight while drinking tea.
Inside Gyotaejeon, the queen’s central ondol room was built slightly higher than others, symbolizing her status. Phoenix patterns adorned the ceiling, expressing her dignity.
Gyeonghoeru Pavilion: A Masterpiece Above the Water
Gyeonghoeru appears to float above its lake. Named to mean “pavilion of joyous gatherings,” it hosted state banquets and received foreign envoys. Its 48 stone pillars support a two-story structure embodying yin-yang philosophy – the square first floor represents earth, while the round second floor symbolizes heaven.
The pavilion itself is an architectural masterpiece. The stairway to the second floor creates the sensation of ascending to heaven. Each floor’s railings feature different patterns, showcasing the craftsmen’s exceptional carving skills.
A fascinating legend surrounds Gyeonghoeru. Stories tell of two dragons living in the pond, and during renovation work in 1867 under Heungseon Daewongun, dragon-shaped stone statues were indeed discovered when the pond was drained. These statues were strategically placed, likely for geomantic purposes.
The pond, called “Gyeonghoruji,” is quite extensive. It was filled with natural water from Mount Bukak, demonstrating the advanced waterway engineering of the time. Large and small rocks line the pond’s edges, creating a natural lake-like appearance.
Gyeonghoeru offers unique beauty in every season – cherry blossoms in spring, lotus flowers in summer, autumn foliage, and snow in winter. On moonlit nights, its reflection in the pond creates a scene worthy of a traditional ink painting.
Hyangwonjeong Pavilion: A Peaceful Garden Retreat
Hyangwonjeong, a hexagonal pavilion seemingly floating on its pond in the palace’s rear garden, creates a striking impression. Its name means “pavilion of far-reaching fragrance,” expressing hope that the king’s virtue would spread far and wide like the scent of lotus flowers.
The pavilion exemplifies the finest Joseon garden architecture. Its unique design features a hexagonal base with an eight-sided roof, displaying perfect balance from any angle. Six windows surround the king’s seat, offering panoramic views of the garden.
Hyangwonjeong’s pond holds an interesting secret – a small island at its center was designed in the shape of a turtle, symbolizing longevity and expressing wishes for the king’s long life. In spring, lotus flowers bloom around the island, creating a beautiful landscape.
This spot was particularly favored by late Joseon kings. King Gojong often enjoyed tea here while composing poetry or discussing scholarly matters with his officials. In spring, a special tea ceremony called “Eodawon” was held here, where the king shared tea and fellowship with his subjects.
The Royal Guard Changing Ceremony, a highlight of palace visits, occurs twice daily at 10:00 AM and 2:00 PM (lasting about 20 minutes) in front of Gwanghwamun Gate.
Guards wear meticulously recreated Joseon-era military official uniforms. Gyeongbokgung’s guards wear distinctive red and blue uniforms, different from those at other palaces. Their helmets, armor, and weapons are all historical reproductions.
The ceremony consists of three parts: the entrance of new guards accompanied by traditional music, the changing of the guard, and finally, an impressive martial arts demonstration. The martial arts display is particularly popular with visitors.
After the ceremony, visitors can take photos with the guards. On weekends, there’s even a chance to try on guard uniforms – book in advance for this special experience.
The National Palace Museum: Treasury of Royal Culture
Located in the eastern part of Gyeongbokgung, the National Palace Museum specifically showcases Joseon royal cultural heritage. It houses 10,000 precious artifacts demonstrating state ceremonies and court culture.
The museum’s six permanent exhibition halls each tell fascinating stories. The Royal Ceremony Hall recreates various court rituals, including civil service examinations and crown prince investiture ceremonies, transporting visitors back in time.
The Royal Life Hall offers glimpses into the daily lives of kings and queens, displaying royal writing implements, the queen’s cosmetic items, and court tableware. The recreation of the king’s portrait hall is particularly impressive.
The museum regularly holds special exhibitions featuring rarely seen royal artifacts. It also includes a Children’s Museum where young visitors can enjoy hands-on experiences of royal culture.
The National Folk Museum: Journey into Common Life in Joseon
The permanent exhibition showcases various aspects of Korean traditional life. You can explore life ceremonies from birth to death, daily living customs, and the wisdom of Korean ancestors. The display includes traditional wedding scenes, birthday celebrations, housing, kitchen settings, and farming tools, offering comparisons with modern Korean culture.
The exhibition also features seasonal customs, holiday traditions, and scientific achievements like traditional calendars and medical books. Outside, there’s a Korean Folk Garden where you can appreciate traditional landscaping with seasonal flowers and trees. The museum offers hands-on experiences, traditional costume trials, and folk game demonstrations, making it enjoyable for families.
Exploring the Palace in Hanbok: A Romantic Journey Through Time
Wearing hanbok at Gyeongbokgung isn’t just about changing clothes – it’s the beginning of a genuine time travel experience. Discover special moments created by the harmony between palace architecture and traditional Korean attire.
You can rent hanbok from various shops around Gyeongbokgung in Samcheong-dong, Insadong, and Bukchon Hanok Village. Most rental shops offer 4-hour basic packages and include hair accessories and bags. Adding traditional accessories like norigae (ornamental pendants) or flowered shoes creates a more authentic experience.
Choose your hanbok according to the season and weather. Light hemp hanbok or white summer hanbok for summer, padded hanbok for winter. While vibrant primary colors are popular, pastel shades also complement the palace’s serene atmosphere beautifully.
We recommend a special route for hanbok-wearing visitors.
Start at Gwanghwamun, proceed through Heungnyemun to Geunjeongjeon – this basic course offers excellent photo opportunities. The elevated platform of Geunjeongjeon provides the perfect backdrop for hanbok photos.
The maple tree-lined path to Gyeonghoeru offers beautiful photo spots in any season.
The gardens around Gyotaejeon and Jagyeongjeon are particularly atmospheric for hanbok-wearing visitors. The quiet, intimate garden settings complement hanbok’s elegance perfectly. Hyangwonjeong provides another excellent photo opportunity with its pond backdrop.
Wearing hanbok grants free palace admission – an economic benefit. Remember that hanbok should reach below the knee, and avoid overly decorated or modified designs. Don’t forget to bring an umbrella in case of bad weather.
Night Palace Tours: A Mysterious Experience Under Moonlight
Nighttime visits to Gyeongbokgung offer a completely different, mystical charm. The palace’s illuminated evening scenery creates an enchanting atmosphere that transports visitors through time.
The nighttime tour route differs from daytime visits. Starting from Gwanghwamun, the path to Geunjeongjeon is bathed in soft lighting, creating a mysterious ambiance. Geunjeongjeon appears even more majestic at night, with strategic lighting highlighting the building’s curves to create the illusion of floating in the sky.
Gyeonghoeru Pavilion is the highlight of the night tour. Its reflection in the pond resembles a traditional ink painting, especially beautiful on moonlit nights. Photo zones around Gyeonghoeru allow visitors to capture special memories against the nighttime backdrop.
Hyangwonjeong Pavilion is another must-see evening destination. The hexagonal pavilion appears to float on its pond, creating a magical atmosphere with the lighting. In spring, illuminated cherry blossoms around the pond create a romantic setting.
Night tours include expert commentary, offering insights into the palace’s history, architecture, and interesting stories. Seasonal cultural performances add to the experience.
During cold seasons, dress warmly as temperatures drop significantly at night. Tripods are permitted, perfect for night photography enthusiasts.
Night tours typically run during spring (March-May) and fall (September-November). Check availability during your planned visit as schedules and ticket booking methods may vary annually.
Seasonal Charms of the Palace
Gyeongbokgung transforms dramatically with each season, offering unique experiences throughout the year.
[Spring]
Late March to early April marks peak season with cherry blossoms in full bloom. Around Gyeonghoeru Pond, cherry blossoms create magical reflections in the water.
The covered walkway behind Geunjeongjeon forms a cherry blossom tunnel, creating scenes reminiscent of traditional paintings. Visit early morning to capture misty scenes with cherry blossoms in the sunrise.
Other spring highlights include plum blossoms near Heungnyemun Gate from late February, signaling spring’s arrival despite the lingering chill. The magnolias in Gyotaejeon’s rear garden bloom from mid-March, their grand flowers adding to the palace’s dignity. Don’t miss the cornelian cherry trees and azaleas in Jagyeongjeon’s garden.
[Summer]
From June through August, the palace showcases lush greenery and lotus flowers.
Gyeonghoeru Pond fills with pink lotus blossoms – visit early morning to see them opening with the dawn dew, creating picture-perfect scenes.
Unique summer features include wind chimes (punggyeong) hanging from the eaves, their clear sounds traditionally helping scholars stay cool. Hydrangeas bloom in the garden between Jagyeongjeon and Gyotaejeon, while iris flowers grace the area around Hyangwonjeong.
The covered walkways provide welcome shade on hot days, while the wooded paths in the rear garden offer natural air conditioning.
[Autumn]
Mid-October to early November brings peak fall colors.
The maple trees around Gyeonghoeru Pond create stunning reflections in the water. Visit during morning hours when sunlight makes the autumn colors most vibrant.
The small garden between Jagyeongjeon and Gyotaejeon is a hidden gem for fall foliage. Century-old maple trees display colors ranging from yellow to deep red. The multicolored autumn leaves around Hyangwonjeong offer another spectacular view.
Autumn’s clear blue skies and crisp air provide perfect conditions for photography. The contrast between fall colors and traditional roof lines creates striking images.
[Winter]
Snow transforms Gyeongbokgung into a serene, mysterious landscape.
Early morning after the first snowfall is particularly magical, with pristine white snow covering the palace grounds. Snow-laden roof tiles and the frozen Gyeonghoeru Pond create uniquely winter scenes.
Winter offers the advantage of fewer visitors for a more peaceful experience. Clear winter skies and cool air provide excellent photography conditions. Earlier sunsets, around 4 PM, allow visitors to capture the palace bathed in golden light.
Insider Tips for
Gyeongbokgung Like a Local
- Free Guided Tours
- Best Times to Visit
- Ticket Purchase Tips
Free Guided Tours: Discovering Hidden Stories
The palace holds fascinating stories within every structure. Free guided tours offer the best way to uncover these hidden tales, with expert guides sharing intriguing stories not found in official history books.
For example, the massive stone pillars in front of Geunjeongjeon were found to be hollow, reportedly used for storing rice – demonstrating Joseon’s wisdom in preparing for emergencies.
The 48 pillars of Gyeonghoeru carry special meaning, representing the 48 months between state examinations. Their uneven spacing is thought to reflect musical rhythms. Guides also reveal other fascinating details, like why the rabbit zodiac statue has uniquely short ears and the special patterns in palace roof tiles.
| Language | Day | Hours |
|---|---|---|
| English | Wed~Mon | 11:00, 13:30, 15:30 |
| Japanese | Wed~Mon | 10:00, 14:30 |
| Chinese | Wed~Mon | 10:30, 15:00 |
| Spanish | Fri, Sat | 10:30, 15:00 |
– Tour starts in front of Gyeongbokgung Palace Information Center inside the Heungnyemun Gate.
– Tour lasts for an hour to an hour and thirty minutes.
– Groups with 10 or more people must make a reservation in advance.
– Individuals less than 10 people can join the same tour without a reservation.
– Both the reserved groups and unreserved individuals are guided together by only one guide at a time.
– Information: 02-3700-3900, -3904, -3905
Best Times to Visit
Gyeongbokgung offers different experiences depending on your visit time. Early morning visits right after opening provide a peaceful atmosphere for leisurely exploration. Summer mornings are especially pleasant with cool air.
The busiest hours are between 10 AM and 2 PM, when tour groups typically visit. Avoid these hours if you prefer smaller crowds.
Smart Ticket Purchase Tips
The most economical option is the Integrated Palace Ticket, which grants access to Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, Changgyeonggung, and Deoksugung palaces at a lower price than individual tickets.
Remember that wearing hanbok grants free admission – rent traditional Korean attire from nearby shops for both cost savings and a unique experience.
Is Gyeongbokgung Palace
Worth Visiting?
An Invitation to a Palace Where Time Stands Still
Standing majestically among modern skyscrapers, Gyeongbokgung offers a journey back to the Joseon Dynasty from your very first step through Gwanghwamun Gate.
This palace, preserving 600 years of history, offers continuous discoveries. Cherry blossoms shower pink petals in spring, lotus flowers spread subtle fragrance in summer, autumn paints the palace in fall colors, and winter blankets it in mysterious white snow.
From Geunjeongjeon’s grandeur to Gyeonghoeru’s elegance and Hyangwonjeong’s serenity, each step reveals scenes like traditional ink paintings. The buildings are particularly beautiful at sunset, when golden light enhances their majesty.
This is no ordinary tourist destination. It’s a living museum where Joseon’s history, culture, architecture, art, and ancestral wisdom converge. Gyeongbokgung continues to tell stories through its magnificent architecture, sophisticated engineering, and refined aesthetics.
Why not become a Joseon scholar for a day in hanbok, or discover the palace’s different charm under soft evening lighting? Gyeongbokgung offers new impressions with each visit, as its appearance changes with seasons and time of day.
Experience this special time travel in the heart of Seoul. Take a moment away from the modern city to journey into the past. Listen to Gyeongbokgung’s 600-year story – your day here will surely become the most memorable moment of your Seoul journey.
Frequently Asked Questions
4. Review
What Travelers Are Saying
5. Near by
Top Spots to Explore
near Gyeongbokgung Palace
- Bukchon Hanok Village
- Gwanghwamun Square
- Samcheong-dong
Bukchon Hanok Village
: 600 Years of Living History
Located 5-10 minutes’ walk east of Gyeongbokgung, Bukchon Hanok Village features around 900 traditional Korean houses (hanok). Once home to Joseon Dynasty nobility, it’s now Seoul’s premier traditional cultural district.
Famous for distinctive areas like “Gahoe-dong 31” and “Samcheong-dong 35,” the village offers beautiful views of traditional roof lines. Walking the alleys reveals traditional teahouses, hanbok experience centers, and craft workshops.
Bukchon’s charm extends beyond architecture to include stone-wall lanes, art galleries, and charming cafes. Some hanok operate as guesthouses, offering overnight traditional housing experiences.
[Getting to Bukchon Hanok Village]
– 5-minute walk from Gyeongbokgung East Gate
– 5-minute walk from Exit 2, Anguk Station (Line 3)
– Recommended: Get a map from the Bukchon Tourist Information Center
Gwanghwamun Square and Sejongno: Underground Museum Treasures
Gwanghwamun Square, Seoul’s central boulevard, lies one minute south of the palace. This iconic space features statues of King Sejong and Admiral Yi Sun-sin. The square’s true treasures lie underground in three exhibition spaces.
Under Admiral Yi’s statue, “The Story of Admiral Yi Sun-sin” offers an interactive exhibition about the naval hero’s life and achievements. Interactive displays, including turtle ship simulations and naval battle models, appeal to visitors of all ages.
Beneath King Sejong’s statue, “The Story of Sejong” presents the creation of Hangeul and Sejong-era scientific achievements. The digital recreation of Hangeul’s development particularly interests international visitors.
These underground museums use modern exhibition techniques to make history accessible and engaging.
The square is surrounded by government buildings and Sejong Center for the Performing Arts, blending tradition with modernity. Weekend cultural events, winter ice skating, and seasonal festivals make it a beloved public space.
[Getting to Gwanghwamun Square]
– 1-minute walk from Gyeongbokgung main gate
– Connected to Exit 2, Gwanghwamun Station (Line 5)
– Underground museum hours: 09:00-21:00 (Closed Mondays)
All underground museums are free admission.
Samcheong-dong Cafe Street: A Beautiful Blend of Tradition and Trends
Located northeast of Gyeongbokgung, Samcheong-dong stands alongside Bukchon Hanok Village as one of Seoul’s premier cultural and artistic districts, just a 10-minute walk from the palace. The area’s distinctive atmosphere comes from its galleries, cafes, and boutiques housed in converted traditional buildings.
Samcheong-dong’s restaurants and cafes are particularly popular on social media, offering everything from traditional Korean cuisine to modern desserts. Long-standing establishments like Samcheong-dong Gilmak Sundae, Tosokchon, and Gilmok Restaurant are local landmarks.
The area’s galleries are another major attraction. Anchored by the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, numerous galleries large and small fill the neighborhood with artistic energy. Weekend street performances add to the area’s charm.
[Getting to Samcheong-dong]
– 10-minute walk from Gyeongbokgung East Gate
– 15-minute walk from Exit 1, Anguk Station (Line 3)
– Weekday visits recommended to avoid weekend crowds